Forum Transcripts

Using Reader Assumptions 12/16/05

Event start time:

Fri Dec 16 19:04:51 2005

Event end time:

Fri Dec 16 20:32:11 2005



Legend:
Questions from the Audience are presented in red.
Answers by the Speaker are in black.
The Moderator's comments are in blue.

mary rosenblum

Hello all!

mary rosenblum

I hope you had a good week and are staying warm.

mary rosenblum

It's a challenge here in Oregon, right now!

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor. Tonight we’re talking about reader assumptions and how to use them. I’ve published seven novels (number eight will be out next year) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you’re new here, remember that you need to click on the ‘Ask a Question’ button or the ‘word bubble’ next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular ‘send’ bar won’t reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you..

mary rosenblum

By the way...

mary rosenblum

I have some sad news to announce.

mary rosenblum

I just got email from the owners of Storyhouse.com.

mary rosenblum

They have been buying short short stories....for good money...

mary rosenblum

in order to put them on coffee labels and include them with their cans of coffee.

mary rosenblum

But they have been bought out by another roaster and will...

mary rosenblum

cease business at the end of December.

mary rosenblum

So if you have submitted stories there, you might as well send them elsewhere.

mary rosenblum

Too bad. It was a very nice paying market.

mary rosenblum

I wanted to talk about reader assumptions tonight.

wolf122

If one were to write for the hard-core fans (fantasy, sci-fi, etc), a writer might alienate other readers. Where do you draw the line?

mary rosenblum

Well, wolf, if you are writing fantasy or SF your book or story is going to be labeled fantasy or SF when...

mary rosenblum

it hits the bookstore. So people who don't enjoy those genres probably won't read it in the first place.

mary rosenblum

You really cannot write for everyone and it's dangerous to try.

mary rosenblum

To be honest, write what you want to write and decide who your audience is later for fiction.

mary rosenblum

I am talking fiction here, and not nonfiction.

mary rosenblum

You can always write a romance or a mystery or a thriller another time. :-)

mary rosenblum

Reader assumptions are a very useful double edged sword...

mary rosenblum

but of course, you CAN cut yourself.

mary rosenblum

We use reader assumptions all the time.

mary rosenblum

If we didn't, we'd spend reams of paper including every last tiny detail in our stories. Yaaawn..

mary rosenblum

But we know that if we say, 'she parked in the driveway and went in through the garage...

mary rosenblum

nearly every reader is going to see something roughly similar...

mary rosenblum

a small attached building with a couple of lift-up doors and maybe junk inside, oil stains on the concrete...etc.

mary rosenblum

So we don't have to describe all that.

mary rosenblum

These reader assumptions are especially useful in mystery where you have to hide clues in plain sight. :-)

mary rosenblum

Stereotypes are reader assumptions.

mary rosenblum

Make them work for you.

mary rosenblum

The man with the scar, shifty eyes, and sneering manner is not a good guy...

mary rosenblum

we KNOW he's probably bad.

mary rosenblum

So you can use that element of surprise effectively when he helps your POV.

info

something like mention something that the reader would think as being too obvious to be a clue?

mary rosenblum

Yes, info. Or mention something that makes the reader think one thing has happened...

mary rosenblum

when that really is not the case.

mary rosenblum

Stereotypes are nothing more than reader assumptions made flesh. :-)

mary rosenblum

The Hooker With the Heart of Gold.

mary rosenblum

The Wise Old Man.

starr r

How do you know when you leave a stereotype and enter cliche

mary rosenblum

Cliche is just something that has been overused to the point where we all KNOW it, starr...it blurs into stereotype.

mary rosenblum

I'm not sure there's a clearcut boundary. :-)

mary rosenblum

IF we meet that Wise Old Man we'll believe in him automatically. He fits our assumption.

mary rosenblum

So we won't guess he's the murderer.

mary rosenblum

You have used reader assumption to keep that reader from seeing the hints you plant that he's a killer.

janecj333

I've always wondered why, for most people, being old does not mean being wise

mary rosenblum

Depends on how you handle 'old' in your fiction, jane.

mary rosenblum

In real life, we have a lot of prejudices. :-)

mary rosenblum

And since you're here, Jane...

mary rosenblum

you asked a question...I think it was after the last Forum...

mary rosenblum

but it didn't come through until I had logged off.

mary rosenblum

I had told people to avoid 'would'.

mary rosenblum

And you wondered why.

mary rosenblum

Would is, at the moment, a prevalent conversational trope like 'you know'.

mary rosenblum

It's misused most of the time, but we hear it so often in conversation that it sounds right.

mary rosenblum

And it's an empty word like a, an, the, etc.

mary rosenblum

No visual information.

mary rosenblum

It is used as a qualifier.

mary rosenblum

When it rained, I would read in the library. When it was nice, I read in the park.

mary rosenblum

It sets a condition...I read in the library only when it rains.

mary rosenblum

What I see ALL THE TIME is ....I would always walk to school.

mary rosenblum

She would always have a sandwich for lunch.

mary rosenblum

It's incorrect, grammatically, and you add a word that does nothing for your story or article.

mary rosenblum

Just avoid it.

mary rosenblum

Unless you REALLY need to use it. :-)

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor. Tonight we’re talking about reader assumptions and how to use them. I’ve published seven novels (number eight will be out next year) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you’re new here, remember that you need to click on the ‘Ask a Question’ button or the ‘word bubble’ next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular ‘send’ bar won’t reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you..

mary rosenblum

Back to reader assumptions...they allow you to skip a lot of trival detail.

mary rosenblum

As long as your details are similar to what most readers will assume, you can leave them out.

mary rosenblum

They walked into the living room and she set the vase of roses on the table.

mary rosenblum

Say my scene is moving briskly along and the living room plays no particularly important role...

mary rosenblum

in my story. I really don't want to slow the scene down to tell the readers that the sofa is covered in blue chintz, the table is walnut and has four matching chairs.

mary rosenblum

The details are not important, they don't reflect the character in any way...

mary rosenblum

so I just don't do it.

mary rosenblum

Readers will see their idea of 'living room'.

mary rosenblum

Gee, I realize I just made it into a dining room with that table and chairs, sigh.

mary rosenblum

Okay, dining room.

mary rosenblum

As long as your living room or dining room is more or less 'normal'...

mary rosenblum

a sofa or chairs, a dining table...

mary rosenblum

let readers fill in the bric a brac and so forth for themselves.

mary rosenblum

They are sharing the world creation, remember.

mary rosenblum

BUT...

mary rosenblum

if your living or dining room is NOT typical...

mary rosenblum

then you must describe it.

mary rosenblum

Because if your characters wander in and out of that living room a couple of times...

mary rosenblum

and then the POV climbs into the Egyptian sarcophagus, lies down, and puts on headphones to listen to CDs...

mary rosenblum

readers are going WHAT??????

mary rosenblum

If your l;iving room has an Egyptian sarcophagus as a centerpiece you DO need to mention it right away.

mary rosenblum

That's the double edge to this sword.

mary rosenblum

If readers make an incorrect assumption you jar them smack out of the story later.

sayre

I'm having a hard time going back and forth from non-fiction to fiction stories, everytime I get major writers block

mary rosenblum

Why not stick with one for now, sayre? You don't have to do both.

mary rosenblum

Even if you're doing the LR course, you're only required to do one nonfiction and one fiction piece.

mary rosenblum

The rest are up to you to choose.

ashton

Is it okay to pick out one thing, such as "Jeff sunk into the leather sofa, his snakeskin boots slapping the floor." Or should you just say his boots slapped the floor and somehow bring up his attire somewhere else along the way? How much is too much detail? Such as in the sentence I just provided.

mary rosenblum

It all depends on how important the detail is, ashton.

mary rosenblum

If I was writing this, I would include the boots if the snakeskin gave the reader information in some way.

mary rosenblum

Maybe it tells the reader that Jeff has a ton of money.

mary rosenblum

Or maybe he's poor and we suddenly notice these new expensive boots.

mary rosenblum

Or maybe I want to show the reader that he is vain and spends a lot...

mary rosenblum

of money of expensive cowboy duds.

mary rosenblum

If the fact that the boots are made out of rattlesnake skin has nothing to do with either Jeff or the story...

mary rosenblum

I might well leave it out. Would depend on the rhythm of the scene and how many details I'd already included.

ashton

Jeff's out on parole...his clothes are terrible but it's the boots that make him who he is...in his mind.

mary rosenblum

Then those boots and enough details of his ragged jeans and ripped shirt so that we see the contrast, is important.

mary rosenblum

That's always the 'occams razor' of detail...does it matter?

mary rosenblum

If it does, it NEEDS to be there.

mary rosenblum

If it does not, use it or not as it works for the scene.

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor. Tonight we’re talking about reader assumptions and how to use them. I’ve published seven novels (number eight will be out next year) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you’re new here, remember that you need to click on the ‘Ask a Question’ button or the ‘word bubble’ next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular ‘send’ bar won’t reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you..

ashton

Kind of off topic... What happens to stories that fit equally among 3 genres: Sci-fi/suspense & Romance...what would a story such as this be classified as?

mary rosenblum

Depends, ashton.

mary rosenblum

Most romance lines expect the MAIN plot to be the romance.

mary rosenblum

But in all other genres, you can have romance and even a mystery as part of the story.

mary rosenblum

You have to see waht a particular publisher or magazine accepts and what they don't publish.

mary rosenblum

All these labels are nothing more than marketing aids...they tell the bookstores...

mary rosenblum

where to shelve the books and they tell readers where to find the type of story they enjoy.

sayre

i'm on assignment two and have a major writers block when it come to going from non to fiction any ideas

mary rosenblum

try telling a real story, sayre. Something that happened to you? A friend?

mary rosenblum

All you need for two is a STORY.

mary rosenblum

Doesn't have to be fictional.

ashton

My work doesn't seem to fit nicely among any specific line....I'm an odd writing duck

mary rosenblum

Decide where it belongs AFTER you write it, ashton.

mary rosenblum

YOu see a lot of 'crossover' stuff out there.

mary rosenblum

All my SF are also mysteries. :-)

ashton

what happens if it ends up belonging nowhere? (smile)

mary rosenblum

Keep it in inventory and watch for the magazine or publisher that's publishing unusual stuff.

mary rosenblum

It may well seem 'fresh and new' to an editor.

robastor

Sort of a comment about what Ashton was saying; I'd write what I'd call a science fiction story and later was told it read and felt more like fiction. :-)

mary rosenblum

That's an odd comment, rob, because SF IS fiction!

mary rosenblum

Maybe they meant mainstream?

mary rosenblum

There's a wide range of Speculative fiction out there.

mary rosenblum

Some of my stories have sold to both mainstream and SF markets...

mary rosenblum

and othre SF is much more 'genre'.

sayre

ok, i definately have a ton of those i keep changing it after the first page guess i was over thinking it

mary rosenblum

Sounds like it, sayre. Just tell a fun and interesting story from your life. That's called 'personal narrative' or 'creative nonfiction' and it actually sells well.

mary rosenblum

One way to effectively use reader assumptions is to give us a 'stereotypical' character...

mary rosenblum

one that instantly has your readers making assumptions.

mary rosenblum

And then make this person real...complex, NOT the stereotype.

mary rosenblum

That can be a very powerful tool and can really engage your reader's attention.

mary rosenblum

For example, the 'dumb redneck cop' who turns out to be very smart and aware.

ashton

Like the Hell's Angel with the tatoos and long hair who's really the guardian angel. :o)

mary rosenblum

Yeah, exactly.

mary rosenblum

Of course the WORK here, for you all, is that you have to make this Hells Angel a REAL PERSON so we...

mary rosenblum

can see why he wears those colors and is the nice guy he is.

mary rosenblum

Just saying 'because' won't do.

mary rosenblum

This kind of reverse on a stereotype is really effective but it's a lot of work, too. :-)

info

Can you use this example on how we could not stereotype? A woman is running (or help running) a group home for troubled teens. Obviously there is a stereotype of troublemakers. How can we make unstereo type something like this?

mary rosenblum

There is only one way to avoid stereotypes in this case, info.

mary rosenblum

That is to make those kids real people.

mary rosenblum

Don't portray them as the 'druggie' the 'gang member' , whatever.

mary rosenblum

Portray each one as that kid first, and his problem second.

mary rosenblum

Then you have someone that is NOT a stereotype.

janecj333

with regard to aliens in sf, I often find myself explaining their foreign traits or gestures throughout the novel. I try not to mention those same traits later, trusting the reader to be alert to them. When I remind them of one, because it's of particular importance, am I breaking a reader/writer bond?

mary rosenblum

Probably not, Jane.

mary rosenblum

While readers remember some details, others fade...

mary rosenblum

it's not a bad idea to find a way to remind the reader of what that gesture or trait is all about.

mary rosenblum

If you can do it through context so that you don't intrude with your author's voice, that's best.

mary rosenblum

I spend a HUGE amoung of time in SF stories figuring out how to 'show' my readers...

mary rosenblum

the nature of the technology, aliens, what have you because I'm not going to tell them!

mary rosenblum

The other side of this double edge is that you need to quickly alert your reader...

mary rosenblum

if their assumptions are wrong.

mary rosenblum

If your MC is not walking on two legs and relatively healthy, tell us.

mary rosenblum

Or rather, show us. :-)

mary rosenblum

If we only find out on page 236 that he's missing his left hand, you really fracture that reader suspension-of-disbelief.

sayre

I know this is off subject, but how do any of you manage to write with kids and a spouse that thinks you should be able to write during the day while you are taking care of the kids and the house....

mary rosenblum

I think you're going to have to sit down with your spouse and explain what your day is like, Sayer.

mary rosenblum

Make some kind of agreement so that you get a regular 'writing time'...

mary rosenblum

maybe after the kids are in bed, during homework time, whatever works for you.

mary rosenblum

I was a single mom with two kids when I started writing, and I remember that problem well!

mary rosenblum

I burned a LOT of midnight oil, believe me.

sayre

we have had that talk, but it seems that my writing isn't a priority, he thinks that published writing is writing, but until then not so much ...

mary rosenblum

That's pretty common. You might point out that none of us were BORN published. :-)

mary rosenblum

You don't GET published unless you write. And submit.

sayre

I just wondered if anyone else had gone through it

mary rosenblum

Oh, I suspect you'll find quite a few people here who have, sayre.

mary rosenblum

That's a very common scenario. Many many of my students have had to deal with it.

mary rosenblum

Hang around in the auditorium after this is over and I suspect you'll find kindred spirits.

cherley

Tell him your writing my help him retire early someday.

ashton

Goodness, yes, Sayre. You are not alone/

mary rosenblum

Yeah, lean on that 'retire early ' thing! Good one, Cherley.

dub cooper

My first wife had that same attitiude.

mary rosenblum

See? It's not gender-linked. LOL. Thanks, dub.

sayre

LOL good idea

mary rosenblum

Sayre, drop into our casual chat on Sunday. It's the same time as this Forum. NO topic. We just talk about writing and it's a great place to get support when juggling...

mary rosenblum

family and writing gets tough.

ashton

I've started telling everyone that if they let me write now I'll pay them back later with a nice big check for all their troubles. :o)

mary rosenblum

Good one, Ashton!

robastor

Reader assumtions work well with plot, too. I'm reading a book where I thought the story was going in a well defined path. In the space of ten pages, the plot twisted twice into places I didn't expect. It worked really well, however, and thhe stoy is even more interesting.

mary rosenblum

There you go.

mary rosenblum

I just finished a mystery where the author used reader assumptions VERY effectively...

mary rosenblum

essentially giving us all the clues but letting us misread them because of an underlying false assumption.

mary rosenblum

He totally caught me. :-) That doesn't happen very often. I was SO impressed.

ashton

what book is that, mary?

mary rosenblum

It's called A Place of Execution by Val McDermid

mary rosenblum

The end is awkward, but that's okay. :-)

mary rosenblum

It was the most effective use of reader assumption I've seen lately.

mary rosenblum

Alas, he's not a MWA member, so I can't invite him to be a guest here.

cherley

If the scene let's say inside a restaurant is going to be main hub for the story you would go into more detail about it?

mary rosenblum

Depends, Cherley.

mary rosenblum

If the restaurant is just the stage, you use the details that bring the scene to life for the reader.

mary rosenblum

If the nature of the restaurant is important...not just any restaurant will do, or it's a very ODD restaurant...then more detail is needed.

geezer

Why?

mary rosenblum

Why what, geeze?

mary rosenblum

Oh...why can't I invite McDermid you mean?

mary rosenblum

No contact information. I have addresses and phone numbers in the MWA directory.

mary rosenblum

He's new, so he might show up in the 06 directory. :-)

cherley

like the atmosphere, the smell, the checkered curtains.

mary rosenblum

Again, it depends on the importance.

mary rosenblum

Say you set it at a Dennys...a generic chain type restaurant.

mary rosenblum

You might only need a few key details...chrome topped sugar dispenser, paper napkin wrapped silverware bundle...

mary rosenblum

fake Tiffany lampshades and vinyl topped tables...

mary rosenblum

to give us the atmosphere. Oh yes...the revolving pie cabinet! :-)

geezer

Won't the publisher help?

mary rosenblum

Oh, I could write to the publisher, geeze, but I try to be more direct.

mary rosenblum

They don't always pass 'em on either.

mary rosenblum

He's British, which is why he's not MWA...I'll have to check out his website.

cherley

But some detail should be added if the MC notices the difference in it compared to another place?

mary rosenblum

Sure, Cherley, if that is important.

mary rosenblum

Ask yourself this: Could this happen in ANY restaurant?

mary rosenblum

If so, don't waste a lot of time on details...

mary rosenblum

just enough to give us a scene that feels real.

mary rosenblum

If the scene has to happen in THIS restaurant...

mary rosenblum

or this restaurant has some connection to the character...

mary rosenblum

or reflects her personality somehow...

mary rosenblum

then give us more detail. Make this restaurant come to life.

mary rosenblum

Remember...you have to keep your story moving. Every detail you add slows it down a tiny bit.

mary rosenblum

But we NEED details in order to make the scene seem real.

mary rosenblum

So spend your 'detail money' wisely.

mary rosenblum

Include the details that matter and use reader assumptions for the ones that don't matter.

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor. Tonight we’re talking about reader assumptions and how to use them. I’ve published seven novels (number eight will be out next year) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you’re new here, remember that you need to click on the ‘Ask a Question’ button or the ‘word bubble’ next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular ‘send’ bar won’t reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you..

mary rosenblum

Reader assumptions allow us to focus on the details that matter and avoid spending time...

mary rosenblum

describing stuff the reader can add for us.

sayre

Mary if we want to join an association specifically for women writers do you suggest one?

mary rosenblum

There are many, sayre. Depends on what you write.

mary rosenblum

try googling 'women writers association' and see what pops up.

sayre

i was looking at NAWW but i wasn't sure

mary rosenblum

That's a good one. There are quite a few.

ashton

I've found it helps if I approach a scene from all angles to see what is and isn't important. As with the Dennys thing you could say, "Here he was again. Ordering from a wall menu in a restaurant just like the countless others he'd been to from the Ozarks to the catskills." Point made.

mary rosenblum

Exactly, ashton.

mary rosenblum

You pull into the drive-up lane, order a burger and fries and pull forward to the window...

mary rosenblum

where an acned and sullen kid throws the bag at you and snatches your money.

mary rosenblum

any one of a dozen chains....reader will fill in the local version he/she knows best.

mary rosenblum

Now....

mary rosenblum

say your MC's new boyfriend takes her to his favorite restaurant...

mary rosenblum

and it's really creepy with strange decor and they serve live sushi...

mary rosenblum

that they dissect for you at your table...

mary rosenblum

you are not going to call it a 'sushi restaurant' and let it go at that!

mary rosenblum

And it's important...it reflects her new boyfriend's character in some way.

cherley

Don't forget to mention the missing burger or fries when you get home and open the bag. LOL

mary rosenblum

There you go. :-)

dub cooper

Dinner at Sea World?

mary rosenblum

LOL...I think that one is right next door. :-)

cherley

it amazes me how quickly you pick out a scene and plug in the right words for description.

mary rosenblum

THat takes practice at learning what details MAKE a scene.

mary rosenblum

It's something you learn to do quite consciously.

mary rosenblum

Okay...I want to show the reader this restaurant.

mary rosenblum

I can only spend so much 'detail money' or my scene bogs down.

mary rosenblum

Which details will have the greatest impact.

mary rosenblum

Say I decide on three.

mary rosenblum

Which three details will give the reader the strongest impression of the place or person for that matter.

mary rosenblum

A good game to play...an excellent exercise...

mary rosenblum

and one you can do while finishing your Christmas shopping!...

mary rosenblum

is to go into an unfamiliar place...a store, a cafe, a park, a parking garage...

mary rosenblum

and walk out after a few minutes.

mary rosenblum

Fifteen minutes later, recall all the details you can remember.

mary rosenblum

Those are the details that 'set the scene' for you.

lore alley

so how DO you decide how many details to include in each scene?

mary rosenblum

That depends on what is going on in the scene, lore.

mary rosenblum

If it's a 'slow spot' in the story, my character can look around and notice stuff...

mary rosenblum

I can add a fair amount as long as the action moves the scene forward.

mary rosenblum

If my character is upset or preoccupied, I can't add as much...

mary rosenblum

she isn't really noticing things.

mary rosenblum

If my character is under extreme stress...hardly any.

mary rosenblum

When you're in 'fight or flight' mode, you are only focusing on what is immediately in your path.

mary rosenblum

I LOVE the swordfight scenes I get with tons of description of the landscape.

mary rosenblum

This in the MC's Point of view, right? I figure while he's noticing the birds and brilliant flowers...

mary rosenblum

his opponent has run him through the liver.

lore alley

I was just curious because you spoke about using three. I wondered if you get so you know exactly how many to use before you write the scene

mary rosenblum

I do, Lore, but it's not a hard and fast number like 3...

mary rosenblum

I'm not that formulaic! LOL.

mary rosenblum

The more you write, the better your sense of pacing will be...

mary rosenblum

and the better you'll get at knowing how much detail to add.

janecj333

liver...that might make for good live sushi! interesting idea

mary rosenblum

LOL

info

even though a person in a fight or flight mode, wouldn't they still notice something? Perhaps that dark, shadowy spot in the alley or any kind of movement behind them that tells them they are being followed or hunted?

mary rosenblum

Generally, if you are fleeing for you life, you focus on what is in your path.

mary rosenblum

You really don't think. You react to obstacles and you're focused on 'is it right behind me?'.

mary rosenblum

Fighting is similar. If you think you slow down. You watch your opponent, react. You really see only what threatens you.

mary rosenblum

I have afriend who trains the police...

mary rosenblum

and has studied human responses in fight/flight situations very thoroughly. :-)

mary rosenblum

He teaches swat teams.

sayre

i have a ton of poems that i am looking into self publishing, im going through and editing them now and am starting to wondering if the description/details play into poetry just as strong if not more

mary rosenblum

Even more, sayre.

mary rosenblum

Think of a spectrum with novel at one end and poetry at the other.

mary rosenblum

The fewer words you can use, the more each word has to do.

mary rosenblum

And the more important each individual word becomes.

mary rosenblum

That's why I encourage writers to write short shorts.

mary rosenblum

You'll really improve your craft.

cherley

you watch their eyes, their body language and where the sword is. LOL

mary rosenblum

You'd better...or your liver is sushi!

mary rosenblum

Well, this has been a fun Oregon hour.

mary rosenblum

Time to go get more wood for the woodstove.

mary rosenblum

I'll post the transcript in the usual place:

mary rosenblum

Writing Craft: Forum Transcript.

mary rosenblum

See you Sunday in our casual chat!

mary rosenblum

Stay warm!

 

Return to Forum Transcripts